Spring Boot \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u6ce8\u89e3\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/p>\n
@SpringBootApplication<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4e86 @SpringBootConfiguration<\/code>\u3001@EnableAutoConfiguration<\/code> \u548c @ComponentScan<\/code> \u4e09\u4e2a\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002\n\n@SpringBootConfiguration<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u7c7b\u662f Spring Boot \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7c7b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e @Configuration<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n@EnableAutoConfiguration<\/code>\uff1a\u5f00\u542f Spring Boot \u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u529f\u80fd\uff0cSpring Boot \u4f1a\u4f9d\u636e\u7c7b\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n@ComponentScan<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a Spring \u626b\u63cf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u50cf @Component<\/code>\u3001@Service<\/code>\u3001@Repository<\/code> \u7b49\u6ce8\u89e3\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u626b\u63cf\u5230\u3002\n\nimport org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;\nimport org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n@SpringBootApplication
\npublic class MyApplication {
\npublic static void main(String[] args) {
\nSpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n
\n### \u7ec4\u4ef6\u6ce8\u89e3\n- **@Component<\/code>**\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a Spring \u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837 Spring \u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u626b\u63cf\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u3002\n- **@Service<\/code>**\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f @Component<\/code> \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u3002\n```java\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Service;\n\n@Service\npublic class UserService {\n public String getUser() {\n return "User info";\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code>@Repository<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c42\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f <code>@Component<\/code> \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba9 Spring \u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\n<pre><code class="language-java">\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;<\/code><\/pre><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>@Repository\npublic class UserRepository {\npublic void saveUser() {\n\/\/ \u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u903b\u8f91\n}\n}<\/p>\n<pre><code>- **<code>@Controller<\/code>**\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7c7b\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u7c7b\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f <code>@Component<\/code> \u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u3002\n```java\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;\nimport org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;\n\n@Controller\npublic class UserController {\n @GetMapping("\/user")\n @ResponseBody\n public String getUser() {\n return "User info";\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\u914d\u7f6e\u7c7b\u6ce8\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n@Configuration<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e3a\u914d\u7f6e\u7c7b\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 XML \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a @Bean<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\n\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n@Configuration
\npublic class AppConfig {
\n@Bean
\npublic UserService userService() {
\nreturn new UserService();
\n}
\n}<\/p>\n
- **@Bean<\/code>**\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a Bean\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6ce8\u518c\u5230 Spring \u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\n\n### \u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u6ce8\u89e3\n- **@Autowired<\/code>**\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u5165\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684 Bean\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\n```java\nimport org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Service;\n\n@Service\npublic class UserService {\n private UserRepository userRepository;\n\n @Autowired\n public UserService(UserRepository userRepository) {\n this.userRepository = userRepository;\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code>@Qualifier<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Bean \u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 <code>@Qualifier<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6ce8\u5165\u7684 Bean \u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\n<pre><code class="language-java">\nimport org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;\nimport org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Service;<\/code><\/pre><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>@Service\npublic class UserService {\nprivate UserRepository userRepository;<\/p>\n<pre><code>@Autowired\npublic UserService(@Qualifier("userRepositoryImpl") UserRepository userRepository) {\n this.userRepository = userRepository;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<pre><code>- **<code>@Resource<\/code>**\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f JSR - 250 \u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 <code>name<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6ce8\u5165\u7684 Bean \u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\n\n### \u5207\u9762\u7f16\u7a0b\u6ce8\u89e3\n- **<code>@Aspect<\/code>**\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5207\u9762\u7c7b\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5207\u70b9\u548c\u901a\u77e5\u3002\n```java\nimport org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;\nimport org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;\nimport org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Component;\n\n@Aspect\n@Component\npublic class LoggingAspect {\n @Pointcut("execution(* com.example.service.*.*(..))")\n public void serviceMethods() {}\n\n @Before("serviceMethods()")\n public void beforeServiceMethod() {\n System.out.println("Before service method");\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n@Pointcut<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5207\u70b9\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u88ab\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n@Before<\/code><\/strong>\u3001@After<\/code>\u3001@Around<\/code> \u7b49\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u901a\u77e5\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u524d\u3001\u6267\u884c\u540e\u3001\u73af\u7ed5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u914d\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u6ce8\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n@ConfigurationProperties<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a Java Bean \u4e0a\u3002\n\nimport org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Component;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n@Component
\n@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "myapp")
\npublic class MyAppProperties {
\nprivate String name;
\nprivate int age;<\/p>\n
\/\/ Getters and Setters\npublic String getName() {\n return name;\n}\n\npublic void setName(String name) {\n this.name = name;\n}\n\npublic int getAge() {\n return age;\n}\n\npublic void setAge(int age) {\n this.age = age;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n}<\/p>\n
- **@EnableConfigurationProperties<\/code>**\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u542f\u7528 @ConfigurationProperties<\/code> \u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\n\n### \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6ce8\u89e3\n- **@SpringBootTest<\/code>**\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728 Spring Boot \u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002\n```java\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\nimport org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;\nimport org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;\n\n@SpringBootTest\npublic class UserServiceTest {\n @Autowired\n private UserService userService;\n\n @Test\n public void testGetUser() {\n String user = userService.getUser();\n \/\/ \u65ad\u8a00\u903b\u8f91\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n@MockBean<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a Mock \u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u66ff\u6362 Spring \u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e Bean\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Spring Boot \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u6ce8\u89e3\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a… <\/p>\n