{"id":6836,"date":"2025-08-08T10:13:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T02:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/t.n-years.com\/?p=6836"},"modified":"2025-08-08T10:13:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T02:13:55","slug":"graphql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/t.n-years.com\/?p=6836","title":{"rendered":"GraphQL"},"content":{"rendered":"

GraphQL \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e API \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7531 Facebook \u5f00\u53d1\u5e76\u5f00\u6e90\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u4f20\u7edf RESTful API \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0d\u8db3\u6570\u636e\uff08Over-fetching\/Under-fetching\uff09\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u8ba9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8 API \u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001GraphQL \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    \u6309\u9700\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong>
    \n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u907f\u514d REST API \u4e2d\u201c\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u201d\u6216\u201c\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u8db3\u591f\u6570\u636e\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    \n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u53ea\u8bf7\u6c42 id<\/code>\u3001name<\/code> \u548c avatar<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684 address<\/code>\u3001phone<\/code> \u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u5355\u4e00\u7aef\u70b9<\/strong>
    \nGraphQL \u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7aef\u70b9\uff08\u5982 \/graphql<\/code>\uff09\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u975e REST \u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7aef\u70b9\uff08\u5982 \/users<\/code>\u3001\/orders<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b schema<\/strong>
    \n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Schema\uff09\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u8be5 schema\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>
    \n\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u95f4\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u201c\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u201c\u8ba2\u5355\u5217\u8868\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8ba2\u5355\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \n

      Schema\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/strong>
      \n\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7528 GraphQL Schema Definition Language (SDL) \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

      # \u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\ntype User {\n id: ID!       # \u975e\u7a7aID\n name: String! # \u975e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n age: Int      # \u53ef\u9009\u6574\u6570\n orders: [Order!]! # \u5173\u8054\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u5217\u8868\uff08\u975e\u7a7a\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n}\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u8ba2\u5355\u7c7b\u578b\ntype Order {\n id: ID!\n product: String!\n price: Float!\n date: String\n}\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2\u5165\u53e3\ntype Query {\n getUser(id: ID!): User  # \u6839\u636eID\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\n getOrders: [Order!]!    # \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u8ba2\u5355\n}\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5165\u53e3\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3cREST\u7684POST\/PUT\uff09\ntype Mutation {\n createUser(name: String!, age: Int): User # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      Query\uff08\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/strong>
      \n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n
      # \u67e5\u8be2ID\u4e3a1\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4ec5\u83b7\u53d6name\u548c\u5176\u8ba2\u5355\u7684product\nquery {\n getUser(id: \"1\") {\n   name\n   orders {\n     product\n   }\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 JSON \u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a<\/p>\n
      {\n \"data\": {\n   \"getUser\": {\n     \"name\": \"Alice\",\n     \"orders\": [\n       {\"product\": \"\u624b\u673a\"},\n       {\"product\": \"\u7535\u8111\"}\n     ]\n   }\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      Mutation\uff08\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/strong>
      \n\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c REST \u7684 POST\/PUT\/DELETE\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
      # \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\nmutation {\n createUser(name: \"Bob\", age: 25) {\n   id  # \u521b\u5efa\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684ID\n   name\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u4e0e RESTful API \u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u7279\u6027<\/th>\nRESTful API<\/th>\nGraphQL<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u5ea6\/\u4e0d\u8db3\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6309\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u83b7\u53d6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u7aef\u70b9\u6570\u91cf<\/td>\n\u591a\u4e2a\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\uff09<\/td>\n\u5355\u4e00\u7aef\u70b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7 URL\uff08\u5982 \/v1\/users<\/code>\uff09<\/td>\n\u65e0\u9700\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 schema \u517c\u5bb9\u6269\u5c55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5173\u7cfb\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n\u9700\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u5148\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u518d\u67e5\u8ba2\u5355\uff09<\/td>\n\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u5d4c\u5957\u5173\u7cfb\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u672c<\/td>\n\u4f4e\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e HTTP \u6807\u51c6\uff09<\/td>\n\u8f83\u9ad8\uff08\u9700\u5b66\u4e60 SDL\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b49\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \u56db\u3001\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n