{"id":7210,"date":"2026-09-14T16:56:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T08:56:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/t.n-years.com\/?p=7210"},"modified":"2026-09-14T16:56:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T08:56:42","slug":"python-%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95%e9%80%9f%e9%80%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/t.n-years.com\/?p=7210","title":{"rendered":"Python \u8bed\u6cd5\u901f\u901a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Python \u8bed\u6cd5\u901f\u901a<\/strong><\/p>\n

# \u6ce8\u91ca\n# \u5355\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\n"""\u591a\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \/ \u6587\u6863\u6ce8\u91ca"""<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b\u578b\nname = "Alice"         # str\nage = 18               # int\nprice = 9.99           # float\nenabled = True         # bool\nnothing = None         # \u7a7a\u503c\n\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\ntype(age)              # <class 'int'>\nint("12")              # 12\nstr(12)                # "12"\nlist("abc")            # ["a", "b", "c"]<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u5bb9\u5668\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]                    # list\uff1a\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\npoint = (10, 20)                       # tuple\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\ntags = {"python", "django"}             # set\uff1a\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\nuser = {"name": "Alice", "age": 18}    # dict\uff1a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n\nnumbers.append(4)\nnumbers[0]          # 1\nnumbers[-1]         # 4\nnumbers[1:3]        # [2, 3]\n\nuser["name"]        # "Alice"\nuser.get("email")   # None\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u62a5\u9519\nuser["city"] = "Shanghai"<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u7f29\u8fdb\u4ee3\u8868\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\nif age >= 18:\n    print("adult")\nelif age >= 12:\n    print("teen")\nelse:\n    print("child")\n\n# \u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\nif enabled and age > 0:\n    pass\n\nif not enabled:\n    pass<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u5faa\u73af\nfor number in numbers:\n    print(number)\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n\nfor key, value in user.items():\n    print(key, value)\n\nfor index in range(3):       # 0, 1, 2\n    print(index)\n\nwhile age < 20:\n    age += 1\n\n# continue \u8df3\u8fc7\u672c\u8f6e\uff1bbreak \u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u5217\u8868 \/ \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\nsquares = [number ** 2 for number in range(10)]\nevens = [number for number in range(10) if number % 2 == 0]\nname_lengths = {name: len(name) for name in ["Tom", "Alice"]}<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u51fd\u6570\ndef add(left, right=0):\n    """\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u4e4b\u548c\u3002"""\n    return left + right\n\nresult = add(1, 2)\nresult = add(right=2, left=1)\n\n# \u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\ndef show(*args, **kwargs):\n    print(args)     # tuple\n    print(kwargs)   # dict<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\ntry:\n    value = int("abc")\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(f"\u8f6c\u6362\u5931\u8d25\uff1a{error}")\nelse:\n    print("\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38")\nfinally:\n    print("\u59cb\u7ec8\u6267\u884c")<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1awith \u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\nwith open("data.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n\nwith open("data.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:\n    file.write("hello\\n")<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n
class User:\n    # \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    role = "member"\n\n    # \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\uff1b\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\n    def __init__(self, name, age=0):\n        self.name = name       # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\n        self.age = age\n\n    # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f self\n    def greet(self):\n        return f"Hi, I'm {self.name}"\n\n    # \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\n    @classmethod\n    def guest(cls):\n        return cls("Guest")\n\n    # \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0e\u7c7b\/\u5b9e\u4f8b\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u65e0\u5173\n    @staticmethod\n    def is_adult(age):\n        return age >= 18\n\nuser = User("Alice", 18)\nuser.greet()<\/code><\/pre>\n
# \u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e super()\nclass Admin(User):\n    def __init__(self, name, age, permissions):\n        super().__init__(name, age)  # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\n        self.permissions = permissions\n\n    def greet(self):\n        return f"Admin: {super().greet()}"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5e38\u89c1 Python \u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n
# \u89e3\u5305\nfirst, second = [1, 2]\nfirst, *middle, last = [1, 2, 3, 4]\n\n# f-string\uff1a\u63a8\u8350\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\nmessage = f"{name} is {age} years old"\n\n# \u4e09\u5143\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\nstatus = "adult" if age >= 18 else "minor"\n\n# \u7a7a\u503c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5904\u7406\ndisplay_name = name or "Anonymous"\n\n# \u6210\u5458\u5224\u65ad\n"python" in tags\n"name" in user\n\n# \u76f8\u7b49\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\n1 == 1          # \u503c\u76f8\u7b49\nvalue is None   # \u5224\u65ad None \u65f6\u7528 is<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u5305<\/strong><\/p>\n
import os\nfrom datetime import datetime\nfrom pathlib import Path as FilePath\n\nprint(datetime.now())<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5165\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n
def main():\n    print("start")\n\nif __name__ == "__main__":\n    main()<\/code><\/pre>\n
DRF \u5173\u8054\u91cd\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n
class MyViewSet(ReadOnlyViewSet):\n    queryset = Model.objects.all()       # \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\n    serializer_class = MySerializer      # \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\n\n    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        response = super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)\n        return response<\/code><\/pre>\n